CFA Level I Ethics and Trust in the Investment Profession question

Ethics and Trust in the Investment Profession sample question

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Ethical and Professional Standards

Ethics and Trust in the Investment Profession

Marco Lindgren, a portfolio manager, receives a request from a major client to backdate a subscription document. Applying his firm's ethical decision-making framework, Lindgren identifies the relevant facts, stakeholders, and his duties, then immediately refuses the request and documents the outcome. A colleague later observes that Lindgren never sought guidance from compliance, never examined how pressure to keep the client might bias him, and never weighed alternative responses. Within an identify–consider–decide and act–reflect framework, Lindgren most likely performed which phase inadequately?